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Herod’s Feast, with Salome’s Dance: Idsworth, Hampshire, (‡Portsmouth) c.1330

Photos:T.Marshall
Imprisonment of John the Baptist, Idsworth (80KB) The scene shown at the left - the imprisonment of John the Baptist, is the first in this narrative, but it is painted in a tier above the principal scene, and follows on directly from an entirely different painting of a possible Miracle of S. Hubert. John is in the centre, and the details at the left of the scene belong to the S. Hubert painting referred to.

At the right, two men seize the saint, who is bearded and dressed in a loose garment traditionally said to have been made of camel skin during his period in the wilderness of Judea. Further right is an area of blank wall, and the story continues below, with a scene of Herod’s Feast.

Various dignitaries - the ‘captains’¹ who were the guests at the Feast - sit at a long table. Herodias, wife of Herod, whose marriage to him John considered incestuous, is the second complete figure from the left, with Herod Herod’s Feast, with Salome’s dance, Idsworth (50KB)himself second from the right at the farther side. It is difficult to be certain exactly who the central figures are; the story of the Feast is narrated in several ‘moments’ and Salome herself certainly appears more than once at the table.

A central figure in white (probably faded from another colour), is shown turning in the direction of Herodias at the left. This figure is holding the head of the Baptist on a charger in her left hand, the right hand upraised in a gesture suggestive of triumphant accomplishment - ‘and the damsel gave it to her mother...’². Various reactions of satisfaction, distaste, and general consternation show in the gestures of the surrounding figures. Below (i.e. on the opposite side of the table, and shown as a simultaneous event, as usual), Salome performs her dance.

The unusual feature here is the presence of a number of swords, wielded by Salome as she Salome’s dance, Idsworth (110KB) dances, body bent backwards with her head almost touching the ground (detail, right). Each hand holds a sword, and that in Salome’s right points straight at Herod. A third sword, its red hilt showing clearly, seems to be held by the point of its blade in her mouth.

Although there are other wall paintings showing Salome’s dance in the English church - at Chalfont St. Giles, Heydon and (forthcoming) Pickering, the inclusion of the swords is a detail exclusive to the Idsworth example. The most intriguing question, though, is whether this vignette of murderous lust has some connection with the strange painting of a Miracle of S. Hubert (if that is what it is) which accompanies it in the church. All that can be said with certainty is that witches were commonly held to have the power to change men into beasts (including wolves, which is where the connection with lycanthropy mentioned on the Miracle of S. Hubert page comes in), and that Herodias was regarded, at least according to the Malleus Maleficarum, as a leader of witches:

‘It cannot be admitted as true that certain wicked women, perverted by Satan and seduced by the illusions and phantasms of devils, do actually, as they believe and profess, ride in the night-time on certain beasts with Diana, a goddess of the Pagans, or with Herodias and an innumerable multitude of women, and in the untimely silence of the night pass over immense tracts of land and have to obey her in all things as their mistress, etc...’³
Sprenger and Kramer add a pious injunction to the ‘priests of God’ to tell the people that this night-riding is of course not a fact, but a delusion sent by Satan himself to confuse the faithful. The identification of Herodias with witchcraft is nevertheless clear, and Sprenger and Kramer throughout the Malleus insist on female sexuality as the wellspring of witchcraft.

St. Andrew Martyred, Stoke Dry, Rutland St. Anne teaching the Virgin to read-Corby Glen, Lincolnshire St. Antony and the Pig, Barton, Cambridgeshire St. Barbara : Hessett, Suffolk St. Bartholomew : Selling, Kent St.Catherine of Alexandria, life of : Castor, Cambs St.Catherine of Alexandria : Hardley Street, Norfolk
St.Catherine of Alexandria : Old Weston, Northants St.Catherine of Alexandria : Pickering, N. Yorks St.Catherine of Alexandria, life of : Sporle, Norfolk St. Clement : South Leigh, Oxon. St. Dunstan holding the Devil by the nose : Barton, Cambs St.Edmund : Boxford, Suffolk St. Edmund : Lakenheath, Suffolk
St. Edmund, Martyrdom of : Bishopsbourne, Kent St.Edmund, Martyrdom of : Fritton, Norfolk St. Edmund (or St. Walstan) : Gisleham, Norfolk St. Edmund, Martyrdom of : Pickering, N.Yorks St. Edmund, Martyrdom of : Stoke Dry, Rutland St. Edmund, Martyrdom of : Troston, Suffolk St. Edmund, Martyrdom of : Weare Giffard, Devon
St.Eloi, Broughton, Bucks St. Eloi and the possessed horse, Slapton, Northants St. Eloi, as bishop & blacksmith, Wensley, N.Yorks St.Erasmus, Martyrdom of : Chippenham, Cambs St. Etheldreda : Willingham, Cambs St.Francis Preaching to the Birds : Wissington, Suffolk St. Francis Receiving the Stigmata, Slapton, Northants
St. George & Dragon : Banningham, Norfolk St. George & Dragon : Broughton, Bucks St. George & Dragon : Earl Stonham, Suffolk St. George & Dragon : Fritton, Norfolk NEW St. George & Dragon : Hornton, Oxon St. George dedicating himself to the Virgin : Astbury, Cheshire St. George, with the princess : Little Kimble, Bucks
St.Helena, Broughton, Bucks St. Hubert, Miracle of : Idsworth, Hants NEW St.James the Great : Hales, Norfolk Life of St. James, Stoke Orchard, Gloucestershire St. James the Great, meeting pilgrims : Wisborough Green, Sussex St. John the Baptist, Martyrdom of : Chalfont St. Giles, Bucks St. John the Baptist, Martyrdom of : Heydon, Norfolk
St. John the Baptist, Martyrdom of : Idsworth, Hampshire NEW St. John the Baptist, Martyrdom of : Old Weston, Northants St. John the Evangelist, Selling, Kent St. John the Evangelist, Weston Longville, Norfolk St. Margaret of Antioch : Old Weston, Northants St. Margaret and the dragon : South Newington, Oxfordshire NEW St. Margaret of Antioch Martyred, Stoke Dry, Rutland
St. Margaret of Antioch, Life of : Charlwood, Surrey Life of St. Margaret, Wendens Ambo, Essex St. Martin dividing his cloak, Chalgrave, Beds St. Martin dividing his cloak, Wareham, Dorset St.Nicholas of Myra, life of : Little Horwood, Bucks St. Nicholas of Myra, two miracles of : Wissington, Suffolk St.Paul : Black Bourton, Oxon St. Paul : Beckley, Oxon
St. Peter : Beckley, Oxon St.Peter : Black Bourton, Oxon St. Peter, Martyrdom of : Chacombe, Northants St. Roch : Pinvin, Worcs St. Sexburga? : Willingham, Cambs St. Stephen, Stoning of: Black Bourton, Oxon St. Stephen, Stoning of: Catfield, Norfolk
St.Swithun (?) enthroned : Old Weston, Northants Scenes from the life of St. Swithun : Corhampton, Hampshire NEW St. Thomas Becket, blessing, Hauxton, Cambs. St. Thomas Becket, Murder of, Marston Magna, Somerset St.Thomas Becket, Murder of : South Burlingham, Norfolk St. Thomas Becket, Murder of : South Newington, Oxfordshire St. Walstan of Bawburgh? or St. Edmund : Gisleham, Norfolk
St. Zita : Horley, Oxon St. Zita : Shorthampton, Oxon Unidentified female saint : Heydon

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¹Mark 6:21
²Mark 6:28
³J.Sprenger & H.Kramer, Malleus Maleficarum (Hammer of Witchcraft)1486, Ch.3,p.63, Folio Society (abridged edn.) 1968

6/10/2005